考研英語復(fù)習(xí)哪類詞容易被忽略
我們?cè)谶M(jìn)行考研英語的復(fù)習(xí)時(shí),呀了解清楚有哪類詞是最容易被忽略的。小編為大家精心準(zhǔn)備了考研英語復(fù)習(xí)詞匯的指南,歡迎大家前來閱讀。
考研英語復(fù)習(xí)詞匯的指導(dǎo)
大洲的名稱
如:Africa、America、Antarctica、Asia、Australia、Europe、North America、Oceania、South America,分別對(duì)應(yīng)為:非洲、美洲、南極洲、亞洲、澳洲、歐洲、北美洲、大洋洲、南美洲,這是需要記住的。一般大洲的名稱會(huì)出現(xiàn)在完形填空、閱讀理解中,這些單詞很基礎(chǔ),平時(shí)同學(xué)們經(jīng)常不會(huì)特別的注意。而比如在閱讀理解中理解錯(cuò)誤,可能一篇文章就會(huì)出現(xiàn)問題。比如單詞“Kangaroo”出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解中,你不知道什么意思,而后面出現(xiàn)了這樣一個(gè)短句:“A sign of animals in Australia”你就會(huì)想到這個(gè)單詞“Kangaroo”很有可能為袋鼠,假如你不認(rèn)識(shí)“Australia”或者把它認(rèn)錯(cuò),你就有可能誤解這個(gè) “Australia”詞的意思,進(jìn)而影響到答題。
常見縮寫詞
縮寫詞也是經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在英語中的,考生需要了解、認(rèn)識(shí)這些常見的縮寫詞。下面說一下,常見的縮寫詞:
“Apr. Aug. BA B.C. Co F”,這些單詞分別對(duì)應(yīng)的為“四月、八月、文科學(xué)士、公元前、公司、華氏的”。以上僅僅是列出了簡(jiǎn)單的幾個(gè)單詞,還有很多的縮寫詞,可以到英語考研大綱中查找。掌握縮寫詞匯主要是為閱讀理解、完形填空降低難度。不要求會(huì)寫,只要知道是什么意思即可。
國家名稱
國家名稱的單詞是肯定會(huì)出現(xiàn)的.,畢竟是對(duì)英語的考察,加上英語試題的選擇經(jīng)常是選自國外的學(xué)術(shù)期刊,難免會(huì)涉及到國家名,因此建議考生掌握常見的國家名。
如:Brazil Britain Egypt Ireland Israel Portugal Scotland Wales 分別對(duì)應(yīng)為巴西、英國、埃及、愛爾蘭、以色列、葡萄牙、蘇格蘭、威爾士,當(dāng)然了還有很多,這個(gè)需要在平時(shí)自己總結(jié)或者查找相關(guān)的參考。這些單詞可能在平常的復(fù)習(xí)中被忽略了,但這也是需要了解的,可能長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不看,考試的時(shí)候難免會(huì)記錯(cuò)。這需要同學(xué)們定期的復(fù)習(xí),增加印象。
考研英語完型語法點(diǎn)撥
1、主語從句
主語從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語,為了避免頭重腳輕的情況,平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu),
一般用it作形式主語代替處于從句,把主語從句置于句尾。在完型填空中,對(duì)主語從句的考查以形式主語it為主。例如:It did not matter what was done inthe experiment。(2010)it 作形式主語,關(guān)系代詞what引導(dǎo)的從句是句子真正的主語。句子含義為:實(shí)驗(yàn)中做什么無關(guān)緊要。
2、賓語從句
賓語從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語,可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語、介詞的賓語。也可以
用于動(dòng)詞+it+that 結(jié)構(gòu),由it 作形式賓語。例如:That kind of activity makes itless likely that the court’s decisions will be accepted as impartial judgments。(2012) 在這句話中,it作形式賓語,而真正的賓語是that
引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。注意在這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中,that是不可省略的。句子的含義為:這種行為使得法院的判決不太可能被視作公正無私。
3、表語從句
標(biāo)語從句放在系動(dòng)詞后,充當(dāng)復(fù)合句中的表語,一般結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+連系動(dòng)詞+
表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的that通?梢允÷?梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be, look,remain等。另外,常用的結(jié)構(gòu)還有the reason…that(不用because)和it is because…例如:Part of the problem is that the justices are not bound by an ethicscode. (2012)這句話中,that從句作連系動(dòng)詞is的表語,說明“問題是什么”。句子的含義為:部分為題在于法官不受道德規(guī)范的制約。
4、同位語從句
同位語從句在完型填空中出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)很多,廣大考生要引起注意。同位語從
句用于對(duì)名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋,說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容。能接同位語從句的應(yīng)為表示抽象概念的名詞,如:idea, belief, fact等。同位語從句一般由that 引導(dǎo),但也可以用關(guān)系代詞(what, which, who)、關(guān)系副詞(when, where, why,how)或者whether …引導(dǎo)。例如:Contraryto the descriptions on record, no systematic evidence was found that levels ofproductivity were related to changes in lighting. (2010) 在這句話中,句子的主干為no systematic evidence was found,句首Contraryto 作狀語, that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句置于謂語部分后。句子的含義為:與所記載的描述相反,沒有系統(tǒng)的證據(jù)證明生產(chǎn)效率與照明的變化之間存在關(guān)聯(lián)。
考研英語閱讀:理解三類詞性在文章中的語義
(一)名詞表主題
When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I’m a good economic indicator”, she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars。” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle? brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too,” she says。
文中的這些名詞為考生提供了一條主線,即使沒完全讀懂,但通過這些名詞考生也可以確定這是一篇與經(jīng)濟(jì)有關(guān)的文章,每句話都沒離開這個(gè)主題?梢栽O(shè)想一下,如果把其中的任何一句刪去,然后讓考生選擇后補(bǔ)上,在遵循以“經(jīng)濟(jì)”為線索的前提下都是很容易解決的。也就是說這些名詞表明了這篇文章的主題。
(二)動(dòng)詞表變化
All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid 1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas。
動(dòng)詞是各種變化最明顯的體現(xiàn),它可以表明文中所述情況的變化、作者態(tài)度的變化以及情感的變化等。本段文字中,先不看其它文字,只看這些關(guān)鍵的動(dòng)詞“caused”、“stopped”、“began to believe”、“begin to fall”、“decline”就可以表明這是一種由好到壞或由壞到好的變化,再結(jié)合其他部分可以更加肯定這一點(diǎn),因?yàn)槲闹兴稣顷P(guān)于美國經(jīng)濟(jì)引發(fā)的一場(chǎng)信任危機(jī),以及這場(chǎng)危機(jī)給人們帶來的情感及經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的變化。
(三)形容詞表態(tài)度
Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. But don’t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long ?term prospects even as they do some modest belt tightening。
在閱讀理解Part A部分經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到表明作者態(tài)度的題,同樣,在Part B部分如果能明確把握作者的態(tài)度對(duì)解題也很關(guān)鍵,而形容詞是最能體現(xiàn)作者態(tài)度的關(guān)鍵詞。以此段為例,前半部分都是關(guān)于美國經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣的描述,如果只看到這些,一定會(huì)認(rèn)為下文也應(yīng)該是一些消極方面的描述。但其實(shí)本段的關(guān)鍵在后面,消費(fèi)者的“only mildly concerned”和“not panicked”以及最明顯的一個(gè)形容詞“optimistic”都與前面的情況形成鮮明的對(duì)比,表明了作者的態(tài)度。如果在此段后設(shè)題進(jìn)行選擇,考生就不得不考慮這些因素了。
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