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定語從句主謂一致省略的用法

時(shí)間:2022-08-10 10:22:33 英語 我要投稿

定語從句主謂一致省略的用法

定語從句是用來修飾主句中某個(gè)名詞的,主句中被修飾的名詞稱作先行詞,從句中用來指代這個(gè)先行詞的代詞稱作關(guān)系代詞。下面小編為您帶來定語從句主謂一致省略的用法,歡迎閱讀!

  定語從句主謂一致省略的用法 篇1

  定語從句主謂一致省略:

  1.I am not one who is afraid of difficulty.我是個(gè)不怕困難的人。

  2.Don't choose me,who am not qualified for this job.不要選我,我不適合做這項(xiàng)工作。

  3.Anyone who has questions to ask, please come to my office this afternoon.有問題要問的人,今天下午到我辦公室來。

  另外,關(guān)于定語從句的先行詞,one of后常接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,在非正式的英語口語中,有時(shí)甚至在一些很正規(guī)的文體中,動(dòng)詞的數(shù)不是與先行詞保持一致,而是與 one相一致,這是因?yàn)檎f話者或?qū)懽髡呤紫认氲降氖莖ne,而不是one后面真正的先行詞。例如:

  4.That is one of the most valuable dictionaries that has appeared in recent years.那本詞典是近幾年來所見到的最有價(jià)值的詞典之一。

  5.Buenos Aires is one of the world capitals thatis noted for its busy harbor.布宜諾斯艾利斯是一個(gè)以其海港的熱鬧而聞名的國家首都。

  第5句中的is不能改成are。這點(diǎn)很好理解,因?yàn)橛胊re就意味著世界上所有國家的首都都以海港熱鬧而出名,這是不符合實(shí)際的。

  當(dāng)one前面有the only等限定詞和修飾語時(shí),定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞也要與 one保持一致而取單數(shù)形式。例如:

  6.He is the only one of those workers who is able to do this job.他是那些工人中唯一能做此工作的人。

  【拓展延伸

  語法講解:主謂一致

  謂語受主語支配,須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,這叫做主謂一致。主謂 一致一般遵循三條原則:語法一致原則,意義一致原則和就近一致原則。

  一、“三個(gè)一致”原則

  1. 語法一致的原則

 。1)以單數(shù)名詞或代詞,動(dòng)詞不定式短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù);主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù),例如:

  He goes to school early every morning.

  The children are playing outside.

  To work hard is necessary for a student.

 。2)由and或both??and連接的并列成分作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:

  Both he and I are right.

  Mr. Black and Mrs. Black have a son called Tom.

  但并列主語如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

  例如:

  His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.

  The poet and writer has come.

 。3)由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由each, every修飾時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如:

  In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.

  Each man and each woman is asked to help.

 。4)主語是單數(shù)時(shí),盡管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介詞短語,謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。例如:

  The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.

  Nobody but two boys was late for class.

  Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.

 。5) 一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:

  A lot of people are dancing outside.

  The police are looking for lost boy.

  (6)由each, some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)。例如:

  Is everybody ready?

  Somebody is using the phone.

 。7)有兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks,scissors 等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:

  Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.

  Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.

  如果這類名詞前用了a pair of等,則往往用作單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:

  Here are some new pairs of shoes.初中英語主謂一致。

  My new pair of socks is on the bed.

  2. 意義一致的原則

  (1)表時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。例如:

  Twenty years is not a long time.

  Ten dollars is too dear.

 。2)有些集合名詞,如family, team等作主語時(shí),如作為一個(gè)整體看待,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如指其中每個(gè)成員,則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:

  My family is big one.

  My family are watching TV.

  (3)不定代詞由all, most, more, some, any, none作主語時(shí),也要依這些代詞表示的意義來決定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果代詞代表復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果代詞代表單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:

  All of the work has been finished.

  All of the people have gone.

 。4)疑問代詞作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞也有兩種情況:主語表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);主語表示單數(shù)意義,則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:

  Who is your brother?

  Who are League members?

  (5)“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的詞組作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要以of后面的名詞而定。名詞是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù):名詞是單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:

  It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.

  Three –fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.

 。6)half, the rest等表示不定數(shù)量的名詞作主語時(shí),如果所指為復(fù)數(shù)意義,動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果所指為單數(shù)意義,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:

  I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.

  Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.

 。7)由what 引導(dǎo)地主于從句作主語時(shí),通常謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。但如果所指內(nèi)容為復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:

  What she said is correct.

  What she left me are a few old books.

 。8)凡是以“定冠詞+形容詞(或分詞)”作主語,往往根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果這種主語指的是一類人,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果指的是一個(gè)人或抽象概念,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:

  The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.

  The dead is a famous person.

  3. 鄰近一致(就近一致)的原則

 。1)由連詞or, either??or, neither??nor, not only?but also,等連接的并列主語,如果一個(gè)是單數(shù),一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù),則謂語動(dòng)詞按就近一致原則,與最靠近它的主語一致。例如:

  Either you or I am right.

  Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.

 。2)在“There be” 句型中,謂語動(dòng)詞和靠近的主語一致。

  There are two apples and one egg in it.

 。3)as well as 和名詞連用時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞和第一個(gè)名詞相一致。

  He as well as I is responsible for it.

  不但是我,他對這件事也有責(zé)任。

 。4)以here開頭的句子,其謂語動(dòng)詞和靠近的主語一致。

  Here is a letter and some books for you.

  二、主謂一致?记闆r

  1. 單數(shù)名詞(代詞),不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語用單數(shù)形式;復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

  The desk ________(is / are)Tom’s. 這張桌子是湯姆的。

  Some water ________(is / are)in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。

  The students ________(is / are)playing football on the playground. 這些學(xué)生正在操場上踢足球。

  2. more than one + 單數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語用單數(shù)。

  More than one student ________(has / have)ever been to Beijing. 不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過北京。

  3. 表示時(shí)間,價(jià)格,重量,數(shù)目,長度,數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語作主語時(shí),這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念,謂語用單數(shù)形式。

  Two months ________(is / are)a long holiday. 兩個(gè)月是一個(gè)長假。

  Twenty pounds ________(is / are)not so heavy. 2 0磅并不太重。

  Ten miles ________(is / are)not a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很長的距離。

  Five minus four ________(is / are)one. 5減4等于1。

  4. 主語是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

  Each boy and each girl ________(has / have)got a seat.每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。

  Every man and every woman ________(is / are)at work.每個(gè)男人和女人都在工作。

  5. one and a half + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

  One and a half hours ________(is / are)enough. 一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。

  6. 動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

  To see ________(is / are)to believe. 眼見為實(shí)。

  Doing eye exercises ________(is / are)good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。

  7. a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two 作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

  A student or two ________(like / likes)to listen to this new teacher’s class.

  一兩個(gè)學(xué)生喜歡聽這位新老師的課。

  8. 當(dāng)主語部分(主語是單數(shù)時(shí))含有with,together with,along with,as well as,besides,except,but,like等介詞或介詞短語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;但“名詞+as well as+名詞”時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般應(yīng)與第一個(gè)名詞一致。

  Mike with his father ________(has / have)been to England. 邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。

  Mike, like his brother, ________(enjoy / enjoys)playing football. 邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。

  The students as well as the teacher ________(was / were)present at the meeting.

  開會(huì)的時(shí)候,學(xué)生們和老師都在場。

  9. 由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但and所連接的并列主語是同

  一個(gè)人,事物,或概念時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下:a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞,指的是同一個(gè)人或物;a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞,指兩個(gè)人或物。

  The writer and teacher ________(is / are)coming. 那位作家兼教師來了。(作家和教師指同一個(gè)人)

  The writer and the teacher ________(is / are)coming. 作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人)

  A knife and fork ________(is / are)on the table. 桌子上放著一副刀叉。

  10. people, police等集體名詞作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;family, class, group, team等集體名詞作主語,若指一個(gè)整體時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,若指一個(gè)一個(gè)的具體成員時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。

  People here ________(is / are)very friendly. 這兒的人很友好。

  His family ________(is / are)not large. 他家的人不多。

  My family all ________(like / likes)watching TV. 我們一家人都喜歡看電視。

  11. 不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, nobody, everything, no one, nothing作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

  ________(Is / Are)everyone here today? 今天大家到齊了嗎?

  Something ________(is / are)wrong with him. 他有毛病。

  Nobody ________(was / were)in. 沒有人在家。

  12. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Each of them ________(has / have)an English dictionary. 他們每人都有一本英語詞典。

  Neither answer ________(is / are)correct. 兩個(gè)答案都不正確。

  13. 以—s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語通常用單數(shù)形式,如news, maths, physics等。

  No news ________(is / are)good news. 沒有消息就是好消息。

  Maths ________(is / are)very popular in our class 在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。

  14. 由both?and?連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式;由or, either?or?, neither?nor?, not only?but also?, not?but?,

  連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí),根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語動(dòng)詞形式。但是如果either, each, neither作主語,則動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)形式。

  Either my wife or I ________(am / is / are)going.

  Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else ________(know / knows)the answer.

  Not only you but also he ________(is / are)ready to leave. Each of us ________(has / have)got a new story book.

  Neither of the books ________(is / are)very interesting.

  15. 如果主語是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí),動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。但a variety of, a number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù),動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式; 而the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

  A number of students ________(is / are)going to visit this place of interest.

  The number of the students ________(is / are)over 800初中英語主謂一致。

  16.以here,there開頭的句子,若主語在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上,謂語動(dòng)詞通常與臨近的主語一致。

  There ________(is / are)a book and three pens on the desk. Here ________(is / are)some books and paper for you.

  17. the+形容詞表示一類人時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;表示抽象概念時(shí),用單數(shù)形式。

  The poor ________(is / are)very happy, but the rich ________(is / are)sad.

  The beautiful ________(live / lives)forever. 美是永存的。

  定語從句主謂一致省略的用法 篇2

  一、定語從句的主謂一致

  一般來講,定語從句中的動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)該與它的先行詞保持一致。例如:

  1.I am not one who is afraid of difficulty.我是個(gè)不怕困難的人。

  2.Don't choose me,who am not qualified for this job.不要選我,我不適合做這項(xiàng)工作。

  3.Anyone who has questions to ask, please come to my office this afternoon.有問題要問的人,今天下午到我辦公室來。

  另外,關(guān)于定語從句的先行詞,one of后常接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,在非正式的英語口語中,有時(shí)甚至在一些很正規(guī)的文體中,動(dòng)詞的數(shù)不是

  與先行詞保持一致,而是與 one相一致,這是因?yàn)檎f話者或?qū)懽髡呤紫认氲降氖莖ne,而不是one后面真正的先行詞。例如:

  4.That is one of the most valuable dictionaries that has appeared in recent years.那本詞典是近幾年來所見到的最有價(jià)值的詞典之一。

  5.Buenos Aires is one of the world capitals thatis noted for its busy harbor.布宜諾斯艾利斯是一個(gè)以其海港的熱鬧而聞名的國家首都。

  第5句中的is不能改成are。這點(diǎn)很好理解,因?yàn)橛胊re就意味著世界上所有國家的首都都以海港熱鬧而出名,這是不符合實(shí)際的。

  當(dāng)one前面有the only等限定詞和修飾語時(shí),定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞也要與 one保持一致而取單數(shù)形式。例如:

  6.He is the only one of those workers who is able to do this job.他是那些工人中唯一能做此工作的人。

  二、名詞性從句的主謂一致

  主語是名詞性從句(常用what,whatever,when,where,why ,how,that,whether等引導(dǎo)放在句首)時(shí),動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。例如:

  1.What I am most interested in is American movies.我最感興趣的是美國電影。

  2.Whatever he says is of no importance.無論他說什么都不重要。

  3.Whoever says that is wrong.無論誰說這話都不對。

  4.That he will come is certain.他肯定會(huì)來。

  5.Why he is late for class is more than I can tell.為什么他上課遲到,我也說不上來。

  但在下面的句子中謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,因?yàn)橹髡Z從句中的`動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù),所以主語從句應(yīng)當(dāng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待。例如:

  6.Who are going to attend the meeting have been decided by the manager.哪些人去參加會(huì)議,已由經(jīng)理做出了決定。

  7.Whoever say that are to be punished.誰這樣講,就懲罰誰。

  由此可見,名詞性從句作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),不可一概而論,而要視句子的意義而定。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)只有靈活處理,才能真正把主謂一致這個(gè)語法項(xiàng)目融會(huì)貫通。

  限制與非限制定語從句講解

  一、在句中作用不同

  限制性定語從句對被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用,使該詞的含義更具體,更明確。限制性定語從句不能被省略,否則句意就不完整。

  非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不十分密切,只是對其作一些附加說明,不起限定制約作用。如果將非限制性定語從句省去,主句的意義仍然完整。

  二、外在表現(xiàn)形式不同

  限制性定語從句因與先行詞關(guān)系密切,所以不可以用逗號將其與主句隔開;而非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不十分密切,所以可用逗號將其與主句隔開。

  例 1. Do you remember the girl who taught us English?

  你還記得教我們英語的那個(gè)女孩嗎?

  例 2. Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time.

  鐘是一種能夠告訴人們時(shí)間的儀器。

  例 3. This is the place where he used to live.

  這就是他過去居住的地方。

  例 4. Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine.

  張先生昨天來看我,他是我的一位朋友。

  例 5. We walked down the village street, where they were having market day.

  我們沿著村里的大街向前走去,村民們正在那里趕集。

  析:在前三個(gè)例句中,定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切,為限制性定語從句,不可用逗號將其與主句隔開。在后兩個(gè)例句中,定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不密切,為非限制性定語從句,可用逗號將其與主句隔開。

  三、先行詞內(nèi)容有所不同

  大多數(shù)限制性和非限制性定語從句的先行詞往往為某一個(gè)詞或短語,而特殊情況下非限制性定語從句的先行詞也可為整個(gè)主句,此時(shí)非限制性定語從句常由 which 引導(dǎo)。

  例 1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.

  一個(gè)中年女子殺害了自己的丈夫,這令我十分恐懼。

  析:由語境可知,令“我”恐懼的內(nèi)容應(yīng)為“中年女子殺害了自己的丈夫”這整個(gè)一件事,因此先行詞為整個(gè)主句,此時(shí)應(yīng)由 which 引導(dǎo)定語從句。

  例 2. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present.

  一個(gè)五歲男孩會(huì)講兩門外語,這令所有在場的人感到非常驚訝。

  析:由語境可知,令所有在場的人感到驚訝的內(nèi)容是“一個(gè)五歲男孩會(huì)講兩門外語”這整個(gè)一件事,因此先行詞為整個(gè)主句,此時(shí)應(yīng)由 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

  四、關(guān)系詞的使用情況有所不同

 。ㄒ唬 that 不可用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句

  所有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞均可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,大多數(shù)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,但 that 不可。

  例 1. 他送給他母親一臺彩電作為生日禮物,這使她非常高興。

  誤: He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, that pleased her a lot.

  正: He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot.

  例 2. 他沒通過這次考試,令我很失望。

  誤: He didn't pass the exam, that disappointed me.

  正: He didn't pass the exam, which disappointed me.

  值得注意的是,不少同學(xué)誤認(rèn)為只有 which 才能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是不正確的。使用非限制性定語從句時(shí),如果先行詞指人,則用 who , which 或 whose 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;先行詞指物可用 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;先行詞表時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)且在從句中作時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí),可用 when , where 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

  例 1. We'll graduate in July, when we will be free.

  我們將于七月份畢業(yè),到那時(shí)我們就自由了。

  例 2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, where a conference was to be held.

  他們上周日到達(dá)南京,有個(gè)會(huì)議要在那里舉行。

 。ǘ╆P(guān)系代詞替代情況不同

  關(guān)系代詞 whom 在限制性定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可用 who 代替 whom ,但 whom 在非限制性定語從句中作賓語時(shí)不可用 who 來代替。

  例 1. This is the girl whom I met in the street.

  這是我在街上遇到的那個(gè)女孩。

  析:先行詞 the girl 在限制性定語從句中作賓語,可用 who 代替 whom .

  例 2. A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress.

  一個(gè)年輕的小伙子新交了一個(gè)女朋友,他想給她留下深刻的印象。

  析:先行詞 a new girl friend 在非限制性定語從句中作賓語,不可用 who 代替 whom .

  在限制性定語從句中,先行詞指人時(shí)可用 that 代替 who/ whom ,但在非限制性定語從句中先行詞指人時(shí),不可用 that 代替 who/whom .

  例:她有一個(gè)姐姐,她是教師。

  誤: She has a sister, that is a teacher.

  正: She has a sister, who is teacher.

 。ㄈ╆P(guān)系代詞省略情況不同

  關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省去,非限制性定語從句的所有關(guān)系詞均不可省。

  例 1. This is the book (which/that) he lost yesterday.

  這就是他昨天丟的那本書。

  析:先行詞 the book 在限制性定語從句中作賓語,關(guān)系代詞 which 或 that 可以省略。

  例 2. The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found.

  他昨天丟了這本書,但現(xiàn)在已找到了。

  析:先行詞 the book 在非限制性定語從句中作賓語,關(guān)系代詞 which 不可省。

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